What the US-Canadian Gas Spread Means for Your Energy Portfolio

It's no secret that Canadian gas prices are low right now, but few investors realize how low it is compared to the U.S. The spread is now over $1/mcf, when it's usually about 70 cents - that's nearly a 50% jump.

And the reason, says one energy expert in the US, is because the Canadian industry (and this means the pipeline companies as well as the producers) is rapidly losing the most lucrative natural gas market in North America - the US Northeast.

"AECO has to be lower," says Jack Weixel, Director of Energy Analysis at Bentek Energy. Bentek analyses pipeline flows around the continent. AECO is the benchmark Canadian gas price.

"AECO is losing market share in the US Northeast, and also in the mid-west. To get its gas to the Northeast it has to lower its price. AECO has kind of already lost the Northeast, but it's also already going lower so it can ship gas to the Midwest. They have to lower their source price to be competitive with Henry Hub sourced gas or anywhere in the lower 48."

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In a June conversation I had with Weixel, he estimated Canadian exports to the US Northeast were down 23% YoY, and down 44% if you didn't include Liquid Natural Gas sent from the Canaport terminal in New Brunswick. Volumes of Canadian natural gas flowing into the US at the Niagara terminal in Ontario were less than 20% of capacity, and he added that there were talks going on about REVERSING the flow of the pipeline from the US into the Canada, due to the growing Marcellus shale production.

The research team at Canadian brokerage firm National Bank Financial have been recently highlighting the difference in natural gas prices between the US and Canada, which is called the NYMEX/AECO spread – NYMEX being the or New York Mercantile Exchange, and is where the US natural gas price is usually quoted from, and AECO, out of Edmonton, is the most quoted Canadian gas hub price.

"The NYMEX/AECO basis spread has recently widened, averaging US$0.71/mcf since mid-June and more recently surpassing US$1.00/mcf in early July," they wrote in a recent report.

"This compares to a lower than historical Jan-May average US$0.21/mcf basis as cold weather brought U.S. storage levels down to five-year averages. The basis could widen further in 2011 with the commissioning of El Paso's 1.5 bcf/d Ruby pipeline, which extends from Wyoming to Oregon. This could push gas back on Spectra's Westcoast pipeline and eventually push B.C. production into Alberta."

Despite Alberta production being down about 1 bcf per day year over year (which has happened every year for the last 4), Weixel says Alberta is oversupplied with gas.

"Alberta storage levels are 320 bcf, which is about 10 bcf, or 4% higher than last year. It's about 22 bcf or 8% than the 3 year average."

There was so much gas in storage in Alberta LAST YEAR that the joke around Edmonton was you can't even smoke outside or the whole city would blow up if anyone lit up a match.

Weixel adds the situation is improving–in May, Alberta was 30 bcf higher in storage, and is now only 10 bcf.

With declining exports to the US, the pipeline companies have had to raise tolls per mcf to earn their regulated rate of return. While it's not a lot - one producer estimated to me about 10-15 cents per mcf - it's another small kick to these producers and their shareholders.

Lower provincial royalties have helped producers recently, but it’s clear that unhedged producers – mostly the juniors – will have another rough summer, financially.

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